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1 Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
2 Gastroenterology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: christine.feinle{at}adelaide.edu.au.
There is evidence that cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediate the effects of nutrients on appetite and gastrointestinal function and that their interaction may be synergistic. We hypothesized that intravenous CCK-8 and GLP-1 would have synergistic effects on appetite, energy intake and antropyloroduodenal (APD) motility. Nine healthy males (age 22 ± 1 years) were studied on four separate days in double-blind, randomized fashion. Appetite and APD pressures were measured during 150 min intravenous infusions of (i) isotonic saline (control), (ii) CCK-8 (1.8 pmol/kg/min), (iii) GLP-1 (0.9 pmol/kg/min) or (iv) both (ii) and (iii) (CCK-8/GLP-1). At 120 min energy intake at a buffet meal was quantified. CCK-8, but not GLP-1, increased fullness, decreased desire to eat and subsequent energy intake and increased the number and amplitude of isolated pyloric pressure waves and basal pyloric pressure (P < 0.05). Both CCK-8 and GLP-1 decreased the number of antral and duodenal pressure waves (PWs) (P < 0.05), and CCK-8/GLP-1 decreased the number of duodenal PWs more than either CCK-8 or GLP-1 alone (P < 0.02). This was not the case for appetite or isolated pyloric PWs. In conclusion, at the doses evaluated, exogenously administered CCK-8 and GLP-1 had discrepant effects on appetite, energy intake and APD pressures, and the effects of CCK-8/GLP-1, in combination, did not exceed the sum of the effects of CCK-8 and GLP-1, providing no evidence of synergism.
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