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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print February 28, 2002
Am J Physiol Regu Physiol, 10.1152/ajpregu.00619.2001
Submitted on October 11, 2001
Accepted on February 26, 2002
1 Dept. of Aviation Medicine, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
2 Dept. of Clinical Physiology, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
3 Dept. of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark
4 Dept. of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bpump{at}damec.dk.
The hypothesis was tested that changing the direction of the transverse gravitational stress in horizontal humans modulates cardiovascular and renal variables. On different study days, 14 healthy males were placed for 6 hrs in either the horizontal supine or prone position following 3 hrs of being supine. Eight of the subjects were in addition investigated in the horizontal left lateral position. Compared to supine, the prone position slightly increased free water clearance (349 ± 38 vs. 447 ± 39 ml/6hrs, p=0.05) and urine output (1387 ± 55 vs. 1533 ± 52 ml/6hrs, p=0.06) with no statistically significant effect on renal sodium excretion (69 ± 3 vs. 76 ± 5 mmol/6hrs). Mean arterial pressure and left atrial diameter were similar comparing effects of supine with prone. The prone position induced an increase in heart rate (54 ± 2 to 58 ± 2 bpm, p<0.05), total peripheral vascular resistance (13 ± 1 to 16 ± 1 mmHg*min/l, p<0.05), forearm venous plasma concentration of norepinephrine (97 ± 9 to 123 ± 16 pg/ml, p<0.05), and atrial natriuretic peptide (49 ± 4 to 79 ± 12 pg/ml, p<0.05), whereas stroke volume decreased (122 ± 5 to 102 ± 3 ml, p<0.05), (n=6). The left lateral position had no effect on renal variables, whereas left atrial diameter increased (32 ± 1 to 35 ± 1 mm, p<0.05) and mean arterial pressure decreased (90 ± 2 to mean value of 85 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05). In conclusion, the prone position reduced stroke volume and increased sympathetic nervous activity, possibly because of mechanical compression of the thorax with slight impediment of arterial filling. The mechanisms of the slightly augmented urine output in prone require further experimentation.
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