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1 Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
2 Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jmdavis{at}sc.edu.
Moderate exercise training is associated with a decreased risk for URTI in human and animal studies, but the mechanisms have not been elucidated. Lung macrophages play an important role in resistance to respiratory infection and moderate exercise can enhance macrophage anti-viral resistance, but no studies have directly tested the role of lung macrophages in this response. This study tested the effect of lung macrophage depletion on susceptibility to infection following short-term moderate exercise training. Mice were assigned to one of four groups; exercise (Ex) and resting controls (Con) with and without clodronate encapsulated liposomes (CL2MDP-lip). Exercise mice ran for 1h on a treadmill for 6 days at 36m/min, 8% grade. Fifteen minutes following exercise or rest on the last day of training, mice were intra-nasally inoculated with a standardized dose of HSV-1. Clodronate (Ex-CL2MDP-lip and Con-CL2MDP-lip) or phosphate buffered saline (Ex-PBS-lip and Con-PBS-lip) liposomes (100µL) were intranasally administered following exercise or rest on the 4th day of training and again on the 4th day post-infection. Morbidity, mortality and symptom severity were monitored for 21 days. Ex decreased morbidity by 36%, mortality by 61% and symptom severity score on days 5 through 7 (P<0.05). Depletion of lung macrophages negated the beneficial effects of moderate exercise. This was indicated by no differences between Ex-CL2MDP-lip and Con-PBS-lip in morbidity (89% versus 95%), mortality (79% versus 95%) or symptom severity. Results indicate that lung macrophages play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of moderate exercise on susceptibility to respiratory infection.
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