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1 Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
2 Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
3 Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Physiology, Pecs University Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
4 Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratoire EA 3666, Universite de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ezorrilla{at}scripps.edu.
Attempts to understand ingestion have sought to understand the control of meals. The present study evaluated a meal definition that included prandial drinking (drinking-explicit meals). Spontaneous nocturnal intake of male Wistar rats was studied. The meal breakpoint was defined as the interval between feeding or drinking events that provided the most stable estimate of meal structure. Alternative breakpoints derived from prevailing methodology, log-survivorship or frequency histogram analysis of inter-feeding intervals without respect to drinking, were compared (drinking-naive meals). Threshold inter-feeding intervals that accounted for drinking indirectly were evaluated as surrogate breakpoints (drinking-implicit meals). Definitions were compared by determining which criterion better conformed to predictions of satiety. Microstructural differences resulting from the definitions also were studied. Under the drinking-explicit definition, rats averaged 9-10, 13 min meals per night, during which they consumed food and water equally in duration (5-6 min) and quantity (2.3 g). Individual differences were observed in microstructure measures. Meals defined by drinking-informed, but not drinking-naive, methods were followed by the behavioral satiety sequence and by an initially low likelihood of resuming feeding that monotonically increased with time. The drinking-explicit definition uniquely revealed preprandial and postprandial correlations of similar magnitude. Under drinking-informed definitions, food restriction increased meal size, whereas drinking-naive definitions reported increased meal frequency. Drinking-implicit definitions provided workable approximations of meal frequency and size, but inferior estimates of feeding duration, eating rate and the preprandial correlation. Thus, log-survivorship analysis is not appropriate for identifying meal breakpoints, and considering drinking in meal definitions can provide a better estimate of meal structure.
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