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Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R33-R38, 2004. First published February 5, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00598.2003
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Oxidative Stress

Effects of dietary calcium restriction and acute exercise on the antioxidant enzyme system and oxidative stress in rat diaphragm

Masayuki Itoh,1 Shuji Oh-ishi,1 Hidekazu Hatao,1 Christiaan Leeuwenburgh,2 Colin Selman,2 Hideki Ohno,3 Takako Kizaki,3 Hiroyuki Nakamura,1 and Takeshi Matsuoka1

1Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395; and 3Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; and 2Biochemistry of Aging Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Submitted 15 October 2003 ; accepted in final form 29 January 2004

Calcium deficiency is considered to increase intracellular calcium level; thus the aim of the current study was to elucidate whether dietary calcium restriction enhanced exercise-induced oxidative stress in rat diaphragm. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either a control group or a group subjected to 1 mo of calcium restriction. In addition, each group was subsequently subdivided into rested or acutely exercised group. Dietary calcium restriction significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the activities of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) but not catalase. Acute exercise, in addition to calcium restriction, decreased both SOD isoenzymes in the diaphragm of calcium-restricted rats (P < 0.05). On the other hand, calcium restriction resulted in increased Gpx mRNA expression (P < 0.05). In control rats, acute exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expressions of both SOD mRNAs, whereas in the calcium-restricted rats, it increased that of Mn-SOD mRNA (P < 0.05) but decreased that of Gpx mRNA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, reactive carbonyl derivative, a marker of protein oxidation, was significantly greater in the calcium-restricted rats than in the control rats after acute exercise (P < 0.05). The results suggest that antioxidant enzymes in rat diaphragm were upregulated in response to an increased oxidative stress by dietary calcium restriction but that upregulation is not enough to cope with exercise-induced further increase of oxidative stress.

superoxide dismutase; glutathione peroxidase; catalase; reactive carbonyl derivative


Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: S. Oh-ishi, Fifth Dept. of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical Univ., 3-20-1, Chuou, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan (E-mail: oshuji{at}tokyo-med.ac.jp).






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