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APPETITE, OBESITY AND METABOLISM

A paracrine signaling role for serotonin in rat taste buds: expression and localization of serotonin receptor subtypes

Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

Submitted 1 October 2003 ; accepted in final form 31 December 2003

Recent advances in peripheral taste physiology now suggest that the classic linear view of information processing within the taste bud is inadequate and that paracrine processing, although undemonstrated, may be an essential feature of peripheral gustatory transduction. Taste receptor cells (TRCs) express multiple neurotransmitters of unknown function that could potentially participate in a paracrine role. Serotonin is expressed in a subset of TRCs with afferent synapses; additionally, TRCs respond physiologically to serotonin. This study explored the expression and cellular localization of serotonin receptor subtypes in TRCs as a possible route of paracrine communication. RT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from rat posterior taste buds with 14 primer sets representing 5-HT₁ through 5-HT₇ receptor subtype families. Data suggest that 5-HT_1A and 5-HT₃ receptors are expressed in taste buds. Immunocytochemistry with a 5-HT_1A-specific antibody demonstrated that subsets of TRCs were immunopositive for 5-HT_1A. With the use of double-labeling, serotonin- and 5-HT_1A-immunopositive cells were observed exclusively in nonoverlapping populations. On the other hand, 5-HT₃-immunopositive taste receptor cells were not observed. This observation, combined with other data, suggests 5-HT₃ is expressed in postsynaptic neural elements within the bud. We hypothesize that 5-HT release from TRCs activates postsynaptic 5-HT₃ receptors on afferent nerve fibers and, via a paracrine route, inhibits neighboring TRCs via 5-HT_1A receptors. The role of the 5-HT_1A-expressing TRC within the taste bud remains to be explored.

gustatory; transduction; 5-HT_1A receptors; 5-HT₃ receptors

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