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1 LaRC-Centro di Bioingegneria, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS and Politecnico di Milano, 20148 Milano; 2 Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20147 Milano; 3 Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza and Universita' degli Studi di Milano; and 4 Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
In healthy subjects,
progressive beat-to-beat increases or decreases in systolic blood
pressure (SBP) ramps are not always accompanied by baroreflex-driven
lengthening or shortening in pulse interval (PI) ramps, respectively.
This phenomenon has been quantified by a new index, the baroreflex
effectiveness index (BEI), defined as the ratio between the number of
SBP ramps followed by the respective reflex PI ramps and the total
number of SBP ramps observed in a given time window. Specificity of BEI
was shown in eight cats by a 
89% reduction of BEI after sinoaortic denervation. In 14 healthy humans, the 24-h average BEI value was 0.21, with a marked day-night modulation (
0.25 day, 0.15 night) in
counterphase with modulation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Our
analysis indicates that 1) in normal subjects, arterial baroreflex can induce beat-by-beat PI changes in response to only 21%
of all SBP ramps, possibly because of central inhibitory influences or
of interferences at sinus node level by nonbaroreflex mechanisms and
2) BEI provides information on the baroreflex function that is complementary to BRS.
baroreceptor; blood pressure variability
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