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1 Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley 02481-8203; 2 Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, and 3 Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007
The purpose of this study
was to determine whether core temperature (Tc) telemetry
could be used in ambulatory women to track changes in the circadian
Tc rhythm during different phases of the menstrual cycle
and, more specifically, to detect impending ovulation. Tc
was measured in four women who ingested a series of disposable
temperature sensors. Data were collected each minute for 2-7 days
and analyzed in 36-h segments by automated cosinor analysis to
determine the mesor (mean temperature), amplitude, period, acrophase
(time of peak temperature), and predicted circadian minimum core
temperature (Tc-min) for each cycle. The Tc
mesor was higher (P 
0.001) in the luteal (L) phase (37.39 ±0.13°C) and lower in the preovulatory (P) phase (36.91 ±0.11°C)
compared with the follicular (F) phase (37.08 ±0.13°C). The
predicted Tc-min was also greater in L (37.06 ± 0.14°C) than in menses (M; 36.69 ± 0.13°C), F (36.6 ± 0.16°C), and P (36.38 ± 0.08°C) (P 0.0001). During P, the predicted Tc-min was significantly decreased
compared with M and F (P 0.0001). The amplitude of the
Tc rhythm was significantly reduced in L compared with all
other phases (P 0.005). Neither the period nor acrophase
was affected by menstrual cycle phase in ambulatory subjects. The use
of an ingestible temperature sensor in conjunction with fast and
accurate cosinor analysis provides a noninvasive method to mark
menstrual phases, including the critical preovulatory period.
ovulation; cosinor analysis; body temperature regulation; temperature telemetry
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