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fever in rats: gender difference and estrous
cycle influence
Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
Evidence exists to support the concept of
sex difference in immune system activation by pyrogenic cytokines. In
this study, fever development was monitored to analyze the effect of
peripheral administration of interleukin (IL)-1
(1 µg/kg) in adult
male and cycling or ovariectomized female rats with or without ovarian hormonal replacement. In male and randomly cycling female rats, a
similar increase in body temperature occurred after intraperitoneal IL-1
injection. Two representative stages of estrus with higher and
lower levels of ovarian hormones (proestrus and diestrus, respectively)
were chosen for study of the febrile response induced by IL-1
. The
fever induced by IL-1
was found to be significantly higher and more
prolonged in females at proestrus than at diestrus. The differential
fever response seems to be mainly linked to the ovarian hormonal levels
because bilaterally ovariectomized females, supplemented with
sequential injections of estradiol 17
and progesterone, showed a
significantly higher IL-1
fever than did ovariectomized rats
receiving estradiol 17
only. These results indicate that gonadal
hormones can influence fever development and raise the possibility of
interaction between sex hormones and thermogenesis in females during
the estrous cycle.
interleukin-1
; estrogen; progesterone; ovariectomy
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